Here are two types of hypertension. Over 90% of cases has no known single cause and therefore is called essential hypertension, primary or idiopathic. It is the suffering the vast majority of patients. In a small group, you can identify a cause, sometimes treatable, responsible for increasing blood pressure levels, it is secondary hypertension, the causes are listed in the table below.
*Hypertension of renal origin
1.Chronic pyelonephritis.
2.Acute or chronic glomerulonephritis.
3.Polycystic kidney disease.
4.Renovascular stenosis.
5.Renin-producing tumors.
6.Unilateral renal disease: segmental atrophy, renal tumor, others …
7.Primary retention of sodium: Liddel syndrome or Gordon.
8.Nephritis of various etiologies.
9.Connective and vasculitis: systemic lupus, scleroderma …
10.Diabetic nephropathy.
* Hypertension of endocrine origin
1. Adrenal cortical hyperfunction (Cushing, primary aldosteronism, primary adrenogenital syndrome …)
2. Medullary hyperfunction adrenal pheochromocytoma
3. Acromegaly
4. Hypo / hyperthyroidism
5. Hypercalcemia
6. Hyperparathyroidism
7. Hemangioendothelioma
8. Extra-adrenal chromaffin tumor
9. Carcinoid Tumor
* Hypertension of psychogenic origin
1. Stress
2. Surgery
3. Severe head injury
4. Serious.
* Neurological Hypertension:
1. Diencephalic syndrome
2. Autonomic nervous system dysfunction.
3. Poliomyelitis
4. Polyneuritis. (Guillain-Barre syndrome, lead poisoning, acute intermittent porphyria)
5. Increased intracranial pressure
6. Section acute spinal cord
7. Sleep apnea.
* Drug-induced Hypertension
1. Sympathomimetics
2. Licorice
3. Interactions Monoamine oxidase inhibitors with tyramine-rich foods (cheese, chocolate, beer …)
4. Tricyclic antidepressants
5. Thallium poisoning.
6. NSAIDs.
7. Corticosteroids
8. Oral contraceptives (estrogen)
9. Cyclosporine A
10. Erythropoietin
* Increased intravascular volume
1. Transfusion
2. Serum therapy
3. Polycythemia.
* Vascular changes
1. Coarctation of aorta
2. Arteriovenous Fistula
3. Aortic insufficiency
* Pregnancy-related hypertension.
* Hypertension-related substances of abuse: alcohol, cocaine …
